Some older homes may still contain materials that include lead, which can be harmful if disturbed or ingested. Lead was commonly used in paints, water pipes, and roof materials before regulations changed. This guide explains where lead may be found, what the risks are, and what you can do to be safe in your home.
Where lead might be found
Lead may be present in
- Old paintwork, particularly in properties built before 1992
- Water pipes and solder, particularly in older plumbing systems
- Roof flashings and pipe joints
- Decorative features coated with other paint layers
When these materials are in good condition and left undisturbed, they do not present a risk. Problems arise when old paint flakes or when materials containing lead are sanded, scraped, or disturbed, allowing lead dust or particles to be inhaled or swallowed.
Health risks
Lead can build up in the body over time and may cause health problems such as
- Fatigue, headaches, or stomach pain
- Mood changes, poor attention span, headaches, hallucinations and damage to the brain and kidneys in severe cases
- Anaemia and high blood pressure
- Developmental or behavioural issues in children
- Complications during pregnancy
- Lead found in paints and pipes was classified as probably able to cause cancer in humans.
Vulnerable people
- Pregnant women, infants and young children are particularly sensitive to the harmful effects of lead
What you can do
If you believe your home may contain lead-based paint but it is in good condition, the safest option is usually to paint over it. This seals the lead beneath the new layer of paint and helps prevent exposure. If you are considering removing the paint and your home was built before the 1990s, you should seek advice from a qualified contractor who is experienced in dealing with lead-based materials.
If you think you may have been exposed to lead, for example through dust or damaged paint, please contact your GP for medical advice.